![]() 63650 Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrode array, epidural not covered for dorsal root ganglion stimulation not covered for dorsal column stimulation 63655 Laminectomy for implantation of neurostimulator electrodes, plate/paddle, epidural. Undoubtedly, this proper selection and a better knowledge of its underlying mechanisms of action, will allow this cutting edge technique to be more acceptable among pain physicians.įailed back surgery syndrome indications neuromodulation review spinal cord stimulation. The CPT codes for spinal cord stimulation include. Spinal cord stimulation is a useful tool for neuromodulation, if an accurate patient selection is carried out prior, which should include a trial period. Further indications may be phantom limb pain, chronic intractable pain located in the head, face, neck, or upper extremities, spinal lumbar stenosis in patients who are not surgical candidates, and others. Also, this technique is useful in patients with refractory angina and critical limb ischemia, in whom surgical or endovascular treatment cannot be performed. Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is the most common indication for SCS, whereas, the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is the second one. At present, the indications of SCS are being revised constantly, while new applications are being proposed and researched worldwide. The mechanism of action of SCS would be based on the antidromic activation of the dorsal column fibers, which activate the inhibitory interneurons within the dorsal horn. In spite of the existence of several studies that try to prove the mechanism of action of SCS, it still remains unknown. This article is a non-systematic review of the mechanism of action, indications, results, programming parameters, complications, and cost-effectiveness of SCS. ![]() ![]() Following that, technological progress, among other advances, helped SCS become an effective tool to reduce pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used to treat neuropathic pain since 1967. ![]()
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